For instance, Fluorine has 7 electrons in its outermost orbit. Stability is also determined by the ability of atoms to gain electrons. Therefore, the valency of magnesium is 2. Similarly, magnesium has 2 electrons in its outermost orbit and it needs to lose them to attain octet and obtain stability. This capacity of an atom will also determine the valency of an atom.įor instance, hydrogen has 1 electron in its outermost orbit so it needs to lose 1 electron to attain stability or octet. Therefore, a capacity of an atom is the total number of electrons gained, lost, or shared to complete its octet arrangement in the outermost atom. An atom has to gain, lose or share a particular number of electrons from its outermost orbit to obtain complete octet. If the outermost shell of an atom has a total of 8 electrons then the atom is said to have attained a complete octet. Valence Electron Achieving Complete Octet It will also help to determine the valency of an atom. However, the reactivity of other elements depends upon their capacity to gain noble gas configuration. This is why noble gases are least reactive because their outermost orbit is completely filled. Understand the concept of Sub-atomic Particles here in detail. Their combining capacity becomes negligible or zero. However, if the outermost orbit is completely filled then very little to no chemical activity is observed in the particular element. The valence electrons take part in any chemical reaction because the outermost orbit usually contains more energy than the electrons present in other orbits.Īccording to the Bohr-bury scheme, the outermost orbit of an atom will have a maximum of 8 electrons. The electrons present in the outermost shell/orbit of an atom are called valence electrons.
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